Business Psychology Essay

In this era of globalization, every system mustiness innovation its own dodging in wrong of running its business at excellent train to survive and stay in competition. Trigger factors of higher demands that addressed to organizations atomic number 18 emergence of free market which means that competitors argon non but from the local market but also come from organizations all everywhere the world, technological advances that developed rapidly over while also has authority in higher demands that has been exposed to organizations in determining that everyone inside the organization must be compatible with the rapid development of technological advances at their live onplace. Intense competition environment as already mentioned above for certain learn to feedencies for organizations in emerging innovations, creativities, enhancement of added value, service excellences, competitive prices and acceleration of process business plot as an objective to be the success in compe ting with other(a) organizations.A paradigm shifting in the design of the organizational strategies is necessary to be developed by organizations in secernate to survive in spite of the free market enforcement. One of the strategies that disregard be applied is building an hard-hitting squad in the organization, the conversion in working method from separate to conclave work as the main focus must bring psychological effects for every various(prenominal) in the organization. Every member in the organization is hale to be part of their squad, regardless to their preference to work as individual or as a team.This phenomenon also brings the domino effect all(prenominal) member in the organization will be evaluated not only if for their field competencies related to to their job per potpourriance, but also personal competencies related to perform effectively as a team member (team work competencies) will be evaluated by the organization. In the realizationof forming an ef fective team, to a greater extent than one strategy related to competencies in team building, which are part of the business psychology area, must be have in a synchronous way.Business psychology upraise be rehearse as a line in designing and implementing an organizational strategy, especially for the accentuation in understanding individual behavior and self improvement ass when they are put and work together in a team. thither around business psychology focuses that shadower be used in designing a strategy which at the end also atomic number 50 be used as references in building personal competencies needed in order to perform as an effective team. These are the dear focuses1. Perception and personal realityEvery individual has cognitive limitation in responding to data that they received, as a result of that phenomenon, they are coerce to pick information selectively regarding to which received information associated as worthy and which is invaluable, which data t hat will be taken to the next level of information process. Related to selectivity process, individual tend to use heuristic process, an information process which characterized by incomplete workout of given data, only ground on general issues and experiences, and all those information processed quickly. This information bear on form has potential in bringing biases, misunderstanding, and inaccurate result in processing information.Based on the implementation of information processing above, in interacting with other individual, stereotypes and expectations emerged. Stereotyping is a judgment processing of someone that made only based on perceptions to the group where they move be categorized. Expectations from separately individual not always positively responded by the other party where they are interacting with each other. Expectations also correlate with communication styles that will be used in interactions.2. Team shipIn building an effective team, many approaches must be used and collaborated in a synchronous way. Defining roles in each team member is an important aspect for balancing the roles of team members in order to optimize the teams asidecomes and coherence. One of the models that crapper be used in describing team roles in details is team roles model by Belbin An effective team, in the process basis is characterized by these indication processes active listening, sharing leadership, taking turn-not interrupting, positive reframing, rescuing eac others views, spontaneous and open praise and elaboration of ongoing ideas. In terms of their task performance, an effective team is characterized by these indication processes analyzing, focus on results, reflecting, open rejection-goal oriented, open rejection-based on data, seek creed, seeking clarification and closure. at that place are some important key behavior in an effective team, such as open communication, mutual respect, shared output responsibility, system through consensus, active disagreement, clear individual responsibilities and roles, subordinate own goals to group objectives, engender high team morale, receptive to new ideas and change, and constructive and support feedback. in that respect are two applicable models that can be utilitarian in order to design the strategy for establishing an effective team, and they are Jungian model and Tjosvold model.a. Jungian Modelb. The Ideal Team System by TjosvoldSharing organizational expectations, business strategies and visions, corevalues, organizational cultures and organizational objectives, can be defined as envisioning. Showing interest about team members visions, task clearances, valuing intercultural differences, and transferring the idea of the team ships paradigm importance are efforts in uniting the team. Bringing out loyalties, responsibilities, cognize potential of team members and assigning them based on that, and cue them when they need motivation are characteristics in the empowering step.After being empowered, geographic expedition in discovering problems and focusing on finding solutions can be established, diversities can be managed in finding the crush solution, and all that will raise the teams awareness to the importance of learning over time to have the upper hand in the market competition. After the best solution is reached, reflecting what the team has been through at every step of the calendar method above can be very important as the source of any plan or step that needs to be revise on the next period in order to perform as an effective team.3. Conflict resolution in that respect are some causes of struggles that normally appear in organizations competition, scarcity of resources, interdependence/dependency, conflict in objectives and tasks, differences of opinion and of influence, differences in status, cultural differences, change, misperception, miscommunication, different ways of seeing things, personal preferences, ill-treat of response, range of res ponse and form of response, individual differences and emotional defenses. Traditionally, from all causes of conflicts that mentioned above, individual differences and emotional defenses are the main issues in organizations.In dealing with conflicts, in that location are tether natural reactions that are usually expected from the individuals concern striking back (leads to escalation, potentially damaging the relationship), giving in (usually results in poor resolution, can be seen as rewarding bad behavior), and breach off (sometimes can be beneficial, often very costly, hasty and regretted).Regarding to conflict resolution, application of negotiation competencies can be very useful. There are five stages in negotiation process orientation, position taking, search for solutions, crisis/deadlock, solution and finalization. It is important to each team member to identify their position in those stages that are related in optimizing conflict resolution process. By knowing and s haring their each position, they can build the same perceptions in finding the best conflict resolution scheme.Principled approach is a combined technique in negotiation from soft and hard style of positional bargaining. In this approach, participants are problem solvers, the goal is a wise outcome reached amicably and efficiently, people and the problem must be separated, must be soft on the people and hard on the problem, independent of institutionalise is proceed, the focus is on interests not the positions, interests are being explored, having a rear end line is avoided, options for mutual gain are invented, multiple options are developed, the use of objective criteria is insisted, a result is reached based on standards independent of will, there is tendency to be open to reasons and yield to principle, not pressure.Conflicts can lead to project delays, missed market opportunities, confused communication, inconsistent information, teams fail and backbreaking to retain good st aff. Considering the effects of unresolved conflict, there are three category first order effects (quantifiable) can be counted by employee replacement cost, including termination costs and recruitment, second order effects (harder to quantify) which can be observed by increased supervision or forethought activities , and third order effect (impossible to quantify) when its already revealed in passive competitive behaviors.Look moreproblem focused coping essayThere are two types of conflict task focused, which is characterized by differences of views and opinions, based on facts and reasoning, and related to intellectual matters. The other type is relationship focused conflict, characterized by anchored in personal differences, influenced by history/assumptions, and related to feelings and emotions. There is a model by Thomas Kilmann which explained deliberately about correlation amidassertiveness and cooperativeness in dealing with conflict.4. Decision doThere are two types of decision making process that people tend to implement, they are width (diverging) and prescience (converging). Diverging type is characterized by some points seeking options/strategies, works with multiple perspectives, requires more options, considering new ideas, combining options/ asquint ideas, and creative suggestions. On the other hand, converging type is characterized by seeking consensus, seeking clarification, seeking structure, review based on new information, analytical, making inferences, assess consequences based on data, strong defense of viewpoint, clear decisions and outcomes. The usage of both types can be based on the situation that the decision making processes is taking place in the organization. Combination of width and depth are expected and can be the best option in decision making process.